entering and leaving the country
Rate Of Migration and Emigration:
Net migration rate (2010-2015): -0.8 migrants/1,000 population
Immigrants (2013): 0.1%
Women as a percentage of immigrants (2013): 38.1% (of 0.1%)
The figures of Indonesian migrant workers (TKIs) legally working overseas stands at an estimate of 4.3 million, according to an estimate done in August 2009 by the National Agency for the Protection and Placement of Indonesian Migrant Workers (BNP2TKI). The report also showed that these workers remitted more than USD 6 billion and 8.2 billion respectively in remittances back to their homeland’s economy in the years 2007 and 2008. Women, mostly being recruited in the informal sector as live-in domestic workers, account for 75 per cent of all documented Indonesian migrant workers as well as nearly 80 per cent of Indonesia’s total migration outflow – the highest in Southeast Asia.
With so many Indonesians working overseas, some of the top choices of regions in which to seek employment are Middle East and Asia, specifically Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. However, the number of unregistered migrants is estimated to be 2-4 times higher than the number of documented migrations.
Top Migration Destinations:
(In 2013)
Malaysia- 1,397,864
Saudi Arabia-279,469
The Netherlands-146,854
Singapore-102,332
Domestic Work- Forced Labour?
Domestic work in Indonesia is not forced labour, but that contradicts the fact that domestic workers disproportionately come into contact with various instances of severe labour exploitation, some being forced labour itself as well as trafficking. The culprits are mainly brokers, recruitment agents, employers and complicit officials.
Some of the most widely experienced forms of abuse include:
Net migration rate (2010-2015): -0.8 migrants/1,000 population
Immigrants (2013): 0.1%
Women as a percentage of immigrants (2013): 38.1% (of 0.1%)
The figures of Indonesian migrant workers (TKIs) legally working overseas stands at an estimate of 4.3 million, according to an estimate done in August 2009 by the National Agency for the Protection and Placement of Indonesian Migrant Workers (BNP2TKI). The report also showed that these workers remitted more than USD 6 billion and 8.2 billion respectively in remittances back to their homeland’s economy in the years 2007 and 2008. Women, mostly being recruited in the informal sector as live-in domestic workers, account for 75 per cent of all documented Indonesian migrant workers as well as nearly 80 per cent of Indonesia’s total migration outflow – the highest in Southeast Asia.
With so many Indonesians working overseas, some of the top choices of regions in which to seek employment are Middle East and Asia, specifically Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. However, the number of unregistered migrants is estimated to be 2-4 times higher than the number of documented migrations.
Top Migration Destinations:
(In 2013)
Malaysia- 1,397,864
Saudi Arabia-279,469
The Netherlands-146,854
Singapore-102,332
Domestic Work- Forced Labour?
Domestic work in Indonesia is not forced labour, but that contradicts the fact that domestic workers disproportionately come into contact with various instances of severe labour exploitation, some being forced labour itself as well as trafficking. The culprits are mainly brokers, recruitment agents, employers and complicit officials.
Some of the most widely experienced forms of abuse include:
- Entering into debt bondage because of excessive or illegal recruitment fees
- Travelling with forged travel documents
- Having one’s original contract substituted for an inferior one
- Being lied to about working conditions
- Having travel documents and salary withheld
- Confinement, disallowed communication with others (e.g. family)
- Working excessive hours without breaks and days off
- Being subjected to physical or sexual abuse
- Experiencing the destruction of one’s ID
- Illegal harassment and extortion
- Detention and abuse by law enforcement agencies, employers and private agents